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Mahatma Gandhi believed that industrialisation was no answer to the problems that plague the mass of India's poor and that villagers should be taught to be self-sufficient in food, weave their own cloth from cotton and eschew the glittering prizes that the 20th century so temptingly offers. Such an idyllic and rural paradise did not appear to those who inherited the reins of political power.

01. The meaning of 'glittering prizes that the 20th century so temptingly offers is
A. pursuit of a commercialised material culture B. replacement of rural by urban interests
C. complete removal of poverty D. absence of violence and corruption

Answer and Explanation

Answer: complete removal of poverty

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02. The basis of 'an idyllic and rural paradise' is
A. rapid industrialisation of villages B. self sufficiency in food clothes and simplicity of the lifestyle
C. bringing to the villages the glittering prizes of the 20th century D. supporting those holdings powerful political positions

Answer and Explanation

Answer: self sufficiency in food clothes and simplicity of the lifestyle

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03. Which one of the following best illustrates the relationship between the phrases:
(i) 'eschew the glittering prizes' and
(ii) 'idyllic and rural paradise'?
A. unless you do (i), you cannot have (ii) B. (i) and (ii) are identical in meaning
C. first of all you must have (ii) in order to do (i) D. the meaning of (i) is directly opposite to (ii)

Answer and Explanation

Answer: the meaning of (i) is directly opposite to (ii)

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04. Mahatma Gandhi's views opposed industrialisation of villages because
A. it would help the poor and not the rich B. it would take away the skill of the villagers
C. it would affect the culture of the Indians D. it would undermine self-sufficiency and destroy the beauty of life of the villager

Answer and Explanation

Answer: it would take away the skill of the villagers

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05. Mahatma Gandhi's dream of 'an idyllic and rural paradise' was not shared by
A. those who did not believe in the industrialisation of the country B. those who called him the Father of Nation
C. those who inherited political powers after independence D. those who believed that villages should be self-sufficient in food and cloth

Answer and Explanation

Answer: those who did not believe in the industrialisation of the country

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What needs to be set right is our approach to work. It is a common sight in our country of employees reporting for duty on time and at the same time doing little work. If an assessment is made of time they spent in gossiping, drinking tea, eating "pan" and smoking cigarettes, it will be shocking to know that the time devoted to actual work is negligible. The problem is the standard which the leadership in administration sets for the staff. Forgot the ministers because they mix politics and administration. What do top bureaucrats do? What do the below down officials do? The administration set up remains week mainly because the employees do not have the right example to follow and they are more concerned about being in the good books of the bosses than doing work.

06. The employees in our country
A. are quite punctual but not duty conscious B. are not punctual, but somehow manage to complete their work
C. are somewhat lazy but good natured D. are not very highly qualified

Answer and Explanation

Answer: are quite punctual but not duty conscious

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07. According to the writer, the administration in India
A. is by and large effective B. is very strict and firm
C. is affected by red tape D. is more or less ineffective

Answer and Explanation

Answer: is more or less ineffective

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08. The word 'assessment' means
A. enquiry B. report
C. evaluation D. summary

Answer and Explanation

Answer: evaluation

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09. The leadership in administration
A. sets a fine example to the employees B. is of a reasonably high standard
C. is composed of idealists D. is of a very poor standard

Answer and Explanation

Answer: is of a very poor standard

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10. The central idea of passage could be best expressed by the following
A. The employee outlook towards work is justified B. The employee must change their outlook towards work
C. The employees would never change their work culture D. The employer-employee relationship is far from healthy

Answer and Explanation

Answer: The employee must change their outlook towards work

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Direction to solve :
The greatest thing this age can be proud of is the birth of man in the conciousness of men. In his drunken orgies of power and national pride man may flout and jeer at it. when organised national selfishness, racial antipathy and commercial self seeking begin to display their ugly deformities in all their nakedness, then comes the time for man to know that his salvation is not in political organisations and extended trade relations, not in any mechanical re-arrangement of social system but in a deeper transformation of life, in the liberation of consciousness in love, in the realisation of God in man

11. In this passage, the phrase "God in man" implies
A. God having assumed the shape of man B. neither fully godly nor fully human
C. man being transformed into God D. the divine qualities in man

Answer and Explanation

Answer: the divine qualities in man

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12. The author uses the expression 'ugly deformities' to show his indignation at
A. political organisations B. the liberation of human consciousness
C. selfishness and materialism of the people D. the drunken orgies of power

Answer and Explanation

Answer: selfishness and materialism of the people

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13. According to the author, "salvation" of human beings lies in the
A. extended trade relations B. spiritual transformation of life
C. orgy of national pride D. wholehearted participated in political organisations

Answer and Explanation

Answer: spiritual transformation of life

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14. In the phrase "the birth of Man in the consciousness of men", AMn stands for
A. power and arrogance B. egocentricity
C. noble human qualities D. an idealistic notion of the human self

Answer and Explanation

Answer: an idealistic notion of the human self

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15. People jeer at the 'birth of Man' in the human consciousness when they
A. begin to think of themselves as God B. become power hungry
C. restructure the social system D. become mentally deranged

Answer and Explanation

Answer: become power hungry

Explanation:
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